Increasing tensions between the United States and China in the South Seas have become a global issue that has attracted the attention of various groups. This conflict involves complex territorial claims, maritime security, and economic interests of each country. The South China Sea is a vital shipping lane, with trade worth trillions of dollars each year. One of the main factors causing these tensions is overlapping claims to the islands and exclusive economic zones (EEZ) in the area. China claims almost the entire South Sea region based on a “nine-point line,” a reference to historical maps. However, a number of countries such as Vietnam, the Philippines and Malaysia also have legitimate claims to several islands and atolls. The United States, although it has no direct claims, seeks to support its allies and assert freedom of navigation in the region. Provocative actions, including sending warships and military aircraft, further worsened the situation. In recent years, the US has strengthened its presence in the South Seas by conducting regular freedom of navigation missions. This is intended to challenge China’s claims and prove the US’s commitment to its allies in the Southeast Asian region. China’s reaction to this presence has often been harsh, with warnings for the US to stop its intervention. In addition, China’s construction of military infrastructure on artificial islands in the region has sparked concerns among neighboring countries. China’s military base has the potential to change the balance of power in the region. ASEAN countries, despite wanting stability, are often caught in a dilemma between relying on American support and easing tensions with China. Economic interests are also a driving factor in tensions. The South Sea is rich in natural resources, such as oil and gas, and has abundant fisheries. With global energy demand increasing, countries are struggling to claim these resources. This competition has the potential to result in clashes between fishing vessels, which are often guarded by the military. Diplomacy remains an important tool to defuse tensions. Dialogue forums such as the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) serve as platforms for discussing issues related to the South Seas. However, the success of diplomacy is often hampered by deep distrust between the parties involved. Seeing all these dynamics, the geopolitical map in the South Seas of Southeast Asia becomes increasingly complicated. Actions taken by each side could have far-reaching implications for regional stability and international relations as a whole. Therefore, it is important for the countries involved to consider constructive dialogue to find a peaceful solution.
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